Burns: Types, Treatments, and Case Dscussion

Case: Third to Forth Degree Burns

5 months after the treatment

11 months after the treatment

Burns

5 months after the treatment

11 months after the treatment

CASE DETAILS

There are Few images were missing of when patient arrived for the first time which were more severe than current one ,
Burns were soo deep, those burns were made affected underlying muscles esp. Teres minor , Coracobrachialis ,Serratus anterior .
other skin burns were at third degree level.
Patient was at massive oedema and hypovolemic shock.

Patient was suggested for cosmetic procedures but couldn't afford any type of surgery and skin grafting , so Homeopathy treatment was started , without any ointment or silver sulfadiazine or any external applications ,or saline or transfusion or without any antibiotics.

We saw very good improvement and Scar tissues were reformed after 3 months ,
but due to some personal reasons patient discontinued treatment for 2 months ,
then he got an infection with too much much pus formation and maggots inside the skin as shown in images below , and came again ,
So was treated for septic conditions also , then treatment were going on for another 5 months and patient got cured nicely with minimal skin deformities , repigmentation of skin is going well and expected to be done in next few months.
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What are burns?

Burns are one of the most common household injuries, especially among children. The term “burn” means more than the burning sensation associated with this injury. Burns are characterized by severe skin damage that causes the affected skin cells to die.

Most people can recover from burns without serious health consequences, depending on the cause and degree of injury. More serious burns require immediate emergency medical care to prevent complications and death.

Burn levels

There are three primary types of burns: first-, second-, and third-degree. Each degree is based on the severity of damage to the skin, with first-degree being the most minor and third-degree being the most severe. Damage includes:

first-degree burns: red, nonblistered skin
second-degree burns: blisters and some thickening of the skin
third-degree burns: widespread thickness with a white, leathery appearance

There are also fourth-degree burns. This type of burn includes all of the symptoms of a third-degree burn and also extends beyond the skin into tendons and bones.

Burns have a variety of causes, including:

scalding from hot, boiling liquids
chemical burns
electrical burns
fires, including flames from matches, candles, and lighters
excessive sun exposure

The type of burn is not based on the cause of it. Scalding, for example, can cause all three burns, depending on how hot the liquid is and how long it stays in contact with the skin.

Chemical and electrical burns warrant immediate medical attention because they can affect the inside of the body, even if skin damage is minor.

First-degree burn

First-degree burns cause minimal skin damage. They are also called “superficial burns” because they affect the outermost layer of skin. Signs of a first-degree burn include:

redness
minor inflammation, or swelling
pain
dry, peeling skin occurs as the burn heals

Since this burn affects the top layer of skin, the signs and symptoms disappear once the skin cells shed. First-degree burns usually heal within 7 to 10 days without scarring.

You should still see your doctor if the burn affects a large area of skin, more than three inches, and if it’s on your face or a major joint

Second-degree burn

Second-degree burns are more serious because the damage extends beyond the top layer of skin. This type burn causes the skin to blister and become extremely red and sore.

Some blisters pop open, giving the burn a wet or weeping appearance. Over time, thick, soft, scab-like tissue called fibrinous exudate may develop over the wound.

Due to the delicate nature of these wounds, keeping the area clean and bandaging it properly is required to prevent infection. This also helps the burn heal quicker.

Some second-degree burns take longer than three weeks to heal, but most heal within two to three weeks without scarring, but often with pigment changes to the skin.

The worse the blisters are, the longer the burn will take to heal. In some severe cases, skin grafting is required to fix the damage. Skin grafting takes healthy skin from another area of the body and moves it to the site of the burned skin.

However, seek emergency medical treatment if the burn affects a widespread area, such as any of the following:

face
hands
buttocks
groin
feet

Third-degree burn

Excluding fourth-degree burns, third-degree burns are the most severe. They cause the most damage, extending through every layer of skin.

There is a misconception that third-degree burns are the most painful. However, with this type of burn the damage is so extensive that there may not be any pain because of nerve damage.

Depending on the cause, the symptoms third-degree burns can exhibit include:

waxy and white color
char
dark brown color
raised and leathery texture
blisters that do not develop

Without surgery, these wounds heal with severe scarring and contracture. There is no set timeline for complete spontaneous healing for third-degree burns.

Fourth-degree burns

Fourth-degree burns go through both layers of the skin and underlying tissue as well as deeper tissue, possibly involving muscle and bone. There is no feeling in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed.

Complications

Compared with first- and second-degree burns, third or fourth-degree burns carry the most risk for complications, such as infections, blood loss, and shock, which is often what could lead to death. At the same time, all burns carry the risk of infections because bacteria can enter broken skin.

Tetanus is another possible complication with burns of all levels. Like sepsis, tetanus is a bacterial infection. It affects the nervous system, eventually leading to problems with muscle contractions .

Severe burns also carry the risk of hypothermia and hypovolemia. Dangerously low body temperatures characterize hypothermia. While this may seem like an unexpected complication of a burn, the condition is actually prompted by excessive loss of body heat from an injury. Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, occurs when your body loses too much blood from a burn.

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